![]() [Joseph Faddoul/Al-Shorfa] Ibrahim Al-Aris, holding his book, spent a lifetime writing about Lebanese films. |
After writing much about cinema as an art critic, the journalist Ibrahim al-Aris recently published his book "Uncertain Image: Cinema in Lebanon, its Creators and its Films."
In the book, he traces the story of the Lebanese film industry from its beginnings until reaching an international audience. Al-Aris spoke with Al-Shorfa about his book.
Al-Shorfa: Why did you write a book on Lebanese cinema today?
Al-Aris: At this point in my life, and given the experience I've earned as a movie critic and the amount of Arabic and international films I've dealt with, I have lately come to realize the importance of going back to the original crib, in other words the "Lebanese cinema." My desire was met with a question that Omar Halablab, the Lebanese Culture Ministry Director General, asked me, 'Why not write a book about it, especially since Beirut is celebrating its designation as World Book Capital?'
Al-Shorfa: The title "Uncertain Image" is intriguing. Why did you choose it?
Al-Aris: Through "Uncertain Image", I meant to say that Lebanon's identity is not yet complete. Lebanon is a country with an uncertain identity in regards to religion and class, as well as social and cultural values. We have seven different communities living side by side, those that are progressive and those that are lagging. The cinema reflected this situation through each director's choice of subject matter. The tone of the films reflects the directors' intuition and their views of Lebanon, without them even being aware of it. "Uncertain Image" is thus a reflection of Lebanon's ambiguous identity.
Al-Shorfa: Is this identity the main theme of the book?
Al-Aris: It is pretty much its main theme. The aim is to search for Lebanon's identity, although I do not believe in multiple identities, because every identity carries a negation of the other. I am for individual identity first and foremost.
Al-Shorfa: What do you think about cinema among the new generation of filmmakers?
Al-Aris: The future of Lebanese cinema is better than its present and past. We currently have a new, distinguished generation of young filmmakers who are heirs of Burhan Alawiya, Maroun Baghdadi, Jean Chamoun and others—a generation that made a personal effort to produce short and medium length films, as well as long movies, and established a presence at international film festivals and among movie critics. We have written with pride about Lebanese cinema since director Maroun Baghdadi. Maroun remains one of the best directors Lebanon has known.
Al-Shorfa: Did Maroun Baghdadi influence a generation of filmmakers?
Al-Aris: The film industry in Lebanon after him is influenced by him as well as by Burhan Alawiya. Each is a wonderful cinematic experiment. Today's cinema began with what I call the film industry in Lebanon—not just films made for others in Lebanon.
Al-Shorfa: What is the history of Lebanese cinema?
Al-Aris: April 10th, 1975. This is the day Maroun Baghdadi's film "Beirut Ya Beirut" premiered at Saba Auditorium near Al-Barbir. Three days later, the Lebanese war erupted. Personally, I consider that there is fixed date for when Lebanese cinema started, which makes it the only art in the world and in Lebanon that has a fixed start date.
Al-Shorfa: What about prior to that date?
Al-Aris: There were individual efforts and cinema made in Lebanon for others. There were Lebanese filmmakers making films abroad and filmmakers from Egypt, Iraq, Turkey and Italy making films in Lebanon. But there was no "Lebanese film" expressing a director's view of our society. This began with Maroun Baghdadi, Burhan Alawiya, Jean Chamoun, Jocelyne Saab, Randa Shahal and those who came after them.
The Lebanese cinema has changed a lot from what it was in the past, because the tendencies and the ideas of the Lebanese film producers have also changed, due to the commercial and materialistic mentality that has replaced the ideas and the content. This change played an important role and influenced the Lebanese cinema a lot and weakened it. That's why the ideas have changed compared to the past. However, the Lebanese cinema is well known for many famous film directors and producers as well as actors who presented marvelous films at that time. Nowadays, we rely strongly on the new generation who wants to improve the Lebanese cinema position anew, with short, mid-length and long films that honor the position of the Lebanese cinema away from the topics of sectarianism and parties' fanaticism. The young generation sees new interests; the ideas and expectations have started to differ in order to fight what Lebanon experienced in the past. The future of the Lebanese cinema could be great, because these young people adored the cinema and did their best with their individual efforts in order to embark on this job and bring it to fruition. The Lebanese cinema has been affected by the country's successive crises, because it is influenced by the reality of society and the changes that may occur, together with the social problems. Therefore, it was difficult to find and suggest a new ideology, but the new, young generation will change this situation and will suggest new ideas that are different from the ones in the past, and this will lead the Lebanese cinema to the top of the world of Arab cinema.
Lebanese cinema hasn’t reached a decent level, and this is due to many reasons. The special and exceptional situation that the country has gone through has hampered cinema production in Lebanon and turned it into political, social and class matters. However, the Lebanese cinema possesses good talents, together with famous film directors and actors. Nowadays, the Lebanese cinema is limited, because the Egyptian cinema has spread all over the Arab world’s countries and cinemas. This Egyptian monopoly has dominated not only the Lebanese cinema, but also cinema work and production in most Arab countries, because the TV viewers are only attracted to the Egyptian cinema. Therefore, the Lebanese cinema needs to have a lot of efforts made in order to present what is best, and so it will not focus only on Lebanese matters and subjects. It must pay attention to the Arab society in general, in order to win the attraction of many viewers.
Lebanese cinema knows many big names. All resources are available in order to present the best cinema production, together with modern ways of filming, as well as experienced people and places that help develop film shooting. However, if the Lebanese cinema remains as simple and shy as it is today, it will not witness any progress.
Yes, there is a weak Lebanese cinema. It is built on what has been accomplished in the field of television work, advertising, video clips, short films and documentaries. It is no accident that these movies come at a time of significant political and social change that Lebanon is witnessing. They are a testimony to this desire for change, the desire to have a place in the world.
The Lebanese cinema is known for its wonderful films reflecting reality and dealing with the problems of the Arab citizen, whether in Lebanon or in the Arab countries in general. The Lebanese cinema has its followers. It has suffered, as the country has been through a civil war which has significantly affected the cinema industry in Lebanon. In fact, the Lebanese cinema lost a lot support, as the government was preoccupied with the civil war. However, now that the situation has settled down, the cinema has enjoyed a kind of rebirth, thanks to young filmmakers who have been producing films since 2005. The Lebanese cinema industry produces four films per year, which is a record. The movie industry in Lebanon has started to develop and will further develop in the coming years. There are many movies yet to be produced in the coming years; some are in the acting stage and others have already been produced and are expected to be released in the movies. What make us optimistic are the positive financial returns recorded by the Lebanese films shown in the movies.
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