![]() [KHALED FAZAA/AFP/Getty Images] Former child brides Nujoud Ali (L) and Arwa (R) after their divorces in 2008. |
In 2008, Nujoud Ali, 8, escaped from her 42-year-old husband's house, travelled alone from her village to Sanaa by taxi, found a courthouse and asked to see a judge.
With unprecedented courage, she pleaded with him to grant her a divorce.
She got what she wanted, and the marriage was annulled.
Two years later, the issue of underage marriage continues to generate controversy in Yemen. A bill setting 17 as the minimum age of marriage for girls has triggered an intense political and religious debate inside and outside the halls of parliament, with many taking to the streets to express their views.
Thousands of Yemeni women demonstrated outside parliament on March 23rd in support of the marriage age amendment. Several civil society organisations called for passing the bill, which was submitted over a year ago.
The bill bans the marriage of girls under 17 and imposes severe penalties upon the girl's family, husband and all those deemed in violation of the law.
The rally came a few days after a demonstration against the law, organised in response to calls by extremist and conservative currents.
"I came here today with the protestors to demand that parliament ban marriage before the age of 17, and make that law permanent," Nujoud, now a 10-year-old divorcee, said.
Nujood's story drew local and international attention. She travelled to New York after winning Glamour magazine's Woman of the Year Award and became an international symbol of women's rights.
She soon published a book entitled, "I Am Nujood, Age 10, and Divorced."
The court's decision to grant Nujood a divorce made her the first divorced child bride in the country, inspiring others to seek annulments and divorces.
Reem al-Numairi, age 12, got her divorce in 2009. Sali Al Sabahi, age 12, became a divorcee in March.
But many other child brides remain married, and in Yemen, this is not uncommon. According to UNICEF, 25% of Yemeni girls in marry before the age of 15.
During the past two years alone, 52% of Yemeni girls and 7% of Yemeni males married before turning 15, according to a recent study by the Centre of Social Gender Research and Studies at Sanaa University.
The overwhelming majority of early marriages occur in rural areas. In some villages, they are married as young as 8 or 10 years of age.
In response to the campaign by civil society groups, Yemeni MP Muhammad Al-Hazmi distributed a fatwa against setting a minimum age for marriage. His colleague, Hazza Maisori, announced his intention to collect five million signatures against the bill and submit it to the Yemeni president and parliament.
The parliamentarians argued that setting a marrying age is not Islamic.
But others disagree. Reformist MP Shawki al-Qadi criticised religious opposition to the bill. There is no prohibition in Sharia against a minimum marriage age, especially given that early marriage causes health problems to the child bride, al-Qadi said.
The chairwoman of the National Committee for Women, Rashida Al-Hamadani, said that the issue is political. She accused the bill's critics of trying to give it a religious dimension.
"Religiously speaking, this matter is controversial, and the texts dealing with it are ambivalent, " she said. "The minimum marriage age was applicable under Ottoman rule, and the insistence of the prophet not to marry off his daughter Fatima until the age of 18 reinforces our stand," she added.
For Ahmad Qurashi, head of the SEYAJ organization for child protection, the opposition to the bill is a desperate attempt to use religion to generate support for early election campaigns.
"We have warned against using religion against those who have different opinions because it depicts human rights advocates as irreligious people. This encourages extremists to physically eliminate human rights activists, and this is very dangerous," Al-Qurashi added.
Shura Council president Abd al-Aziz Abd Al-Ghani said that parliamentary efforts to set a minimum marriage age are Islamic because they aim to achieve an objective approved by sharia, which is requiring adulthood as a legal prerequisite for marriage.
"Marriage of a minor, helpless girl makes her a victim for whoever seeks to marry her, regardless of the age difference and fitness requirements," Abd Al-Ghani said.
Prior to Yemen's unification in 1990, the law set the minimum age of marriage at 16 in South Yemen and 15 in the north. After unification, the law was set at 15. In 1999, the civil law was amended and the minimum age was abolished.
I am Majid Al-Numairi. I would like to say that the parents will never accept the marriage of their daughter without a valid cause, and those who do not know should remain silent. In addition, marriage is good for the girl, according to the divine laws.
thats very baddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
Girls fear getting married at an early age, because they are afraid of going through the experience first and second because they know that it may fail, and also because they have heard a lot of stories about those who got married at an early age. Thus, this reality in our societies must change, and parents should give the girls a chance to become mature, sensible and ready for marriage and commitment, in order to found a good family in our Arab society. A lot of parents would like to get rid of the responsibility and marry their daughters off under the age of 15. This is certainly forbidden. The father will get rid of the responsibility, but he will put the burden on his daughter; she will not be able to take this responsibility, and will fail and return to him with a broken heart and deeply shaken from within. Besides, young men have to question themselves, as many young girls who are underage may look older, but are not wise and are unable to take responsibility and manage the house and have children. Thus, they have to choose a suitable girl, who is old enough and has gone through adolescence.
Every Arab girl is subject to great injustice. Every girl has to abide by the opinion of her father, either with her assent or without it. Such ways of thinking and ideology disappeared a long time ago. Nowadays, a girl has to choose for herself; she can either accept or refuse, as it is her private life and her father is not going to be in her shoes. Thus, there must be a law banning the marriage of underage girls at an early age, so that the girl will feel safe meaning that she has to reache a certain age where she will be psychologically and morally ready for marriage and to be a mother in this society.
Even though Arab societies are religious communities and generally Muslim communities, they have some unacceptable and wrong traditions, which are inadequate, as they do not promote the reputation of the Arab Muslim community. One of these negative traditional practices is the phenomenon of the early marriage of girls. In fact, many Arab families marry their daughters off at early ages, mainly in rural areas and villages. Peasants in particular have been accustomed to these practices for many years. Once a girl reaches the age of sixteen or less, they marry her to her cousin or anyone who asks for her in marriage, even though he might be old. This leaves a gap in their lives, particularly for the girl, as she leads a miserable life and bears a heavy responsibility which in reality goes beyond her capacities. The husband needs care and asks her to run the house and manage its affairs which is very tough for a minor girl who is still under the legal age of marriage and haven't even had her adolescence phase yet. This tradition is rejected; in many countries it is considered as a crime, and their law prevents such deeds, especially concerning minor girls. So, the government should apply a law that bans marriage at an early age to protect girls. At the same time, we must raise the awareness of rural and nomad households, as well as village dwellers, sensitize them to this issue and alert them to the risk and its negative impacts on girls who are too young themselves to raise a new generation. Parents must be aware of their faults and perceive the plight they put their daughters into. City dwellers have acquired an education and have given up this habit a long time ago, their daughters’ priority is to pursue their studies, and later comes marriage. That way, the girl becomes mature enough to become a mother responsible for a house as well as they acquire enough intellectual maturity to learn how to raise their children and how to maintain their homes. The same must be followed by families who marry their daughters off at an early age.
There must be a law that prohibits families from marrying off a minor girl, in order to eradicate such problems. As is the case in the Western societies, they prevent such marriage, because they know that it results in many bad consequences and leads to divorce and major problems between the spouses which defame the society in general. Thus we have to follow the same steps to keep our girls away form taking up such responsibilities at a young age.
Young girls are called minors, and from this name we suppose that they are minor in thinking and age. But unfortunately, we find that in our Arab communities, families marry their daughters off at young ages, even when they are legally minors and this is causing many problems, as these girls are still young and unable to take responsibility for a house on their own. Problems usually arise between husbands and those young wives, due to the lack of mutual understanding. This is why girls shouldn't get married before they are mature enough to assume the responsibility of a house and a husband and before they are able to give birth to children and take care of them and their home.
We seek Allah’s help against you. This is unjust and we ask Allah to grant us patience.
Imagine a young girl at the age of 15 being married and having a baby; how would that be? A child is giving birth to a child. It is sad and I wonder how this father would marry his daughter off at this young age?? And I also wonder how the husband can marry a girl that young??
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